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The real history of the ancient city dates back to 3000 BC. The city of Ani, one of the most colorful stops that comes to mind when the Silk Road is mentioned, is also known as the place where the heart of trade beat at that time. It is such an important center that the city is also referred to as the "City of 1001 Churches" in the history pages. The city of Ani, which lived its most glorious times during the Armenian Bagratuni Dynasty, fell out of favor and was forgotten, coinciding with the period of the 93 War. The first structures that will draw your attention in the city are the walls, which are 5 kilometers long and have 7 gates on them. There are also many churches. Tigran Honents Church, built in 1205, where you will see frescoes inspired by the times when Armenians first accepted Christianity and the life of the Prophet Jesus, and the Young Girls and Nuns monasteries built in the 13th century are some of these churches. The oldest mosque in Anatolia is also here. Ebu'l Manuçehr Mosque was built in 1072 during the Seljuk period. Fethiye Mosque, which was built as a church in 1010 and is the work of the architect who rebuilt the dome of Hagia Sophia, is the place where the first conquest prayer in Anatolia was performed.
While the Crimean war between the Ottomans and Russia continued between 1853-1856, the Russian armies crossed our eastern borders on 14 June 1855 and started to occupy the city of Kars in order to compress the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman army under the command of Müşir Mehmed Vasıf Pasha, together with the people of Kars, made a heroic defense against the 135-day Russian siege and won the Kars Victory on September 29, 1855. In the 19th century, the bastions, which had important functions in the defense of the city against the invasion of the Russian armies, were used for defensive purposes during the repelling of the Russian attack in 1828, the victory of Kars in 1855 and the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878. The Bloody Bastion building was built in 1803 by the Sultan III. It is one of our bastions built under the name "New Bastion" during the Selim period. In 1828, the name of this bastion was mentioned in the literature as the Bloody Bastion, as all the soldiers in the bastion were martyred during a night raid during the Russian attacks on Kars.
